Mailing List flyrotary@lancaironline.net Message #17474
From: Leon <peon@pacific.net.au>
Subject: For Todd "Vena Contracta" was Re: Returnless Fuel System - Fuel Cooler
Date: Sat, 19 Feb 2005 07:58:52 +1100
To: Rotary motors in aircraft <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
RE: [FlyRotary] Returnless Fuel System - Fuel Cooler
Hi Todd,
 
Over the years,  I've done a lot of carburettor tuning.  IDA Webers were my favourite device until digital EFI came along.
 
Now from practical experience,  I know beyond all reasonable doubt that the size of the hole in any Weber jet controls the flow capacity of either fuel or air.  The bigger the hole,  bigger the flow,  and vice versa.  I also know from my engineering studies that I can calculate the actual flow rate,  given the viscosity of the fluid,  the shape of the jet,  and the pressure drop across the jet.  (I don't bother "number running" because I have a box full of different sized jets and just keep changing them until I get the correct Air/Fuel ratio out the pipe.  All else being equal,  double the diameter,  increase the flow rate 4 times.
 
So I just can't see what the size of an attached pipe has to do with the flow rate through a  "vena contracta" ("vena constricta"??).  You also say "but much of this pressure is recovered downstream"  Hmmmmmm, ... I say "so what"??.  We aren't interested in pressure drops or pressure recovery, ... it's flow rates that are the SOLE issue,  and the capacity of an open flow 1/4 inch line to get rid of the fuel dumped by the regulator. 
 
Somehow the sizes have got all muddled up (better give Wally the muddle headed Wombat the message to move on!!).  If the 5/16" supply is restricted by a 3/16" "vena constricta",   then the flow rate is controlled by the 3/16" constriction,  the pressure drop across it,  and the viscosity of the fuel. Doesn't matter if it's flowing into a 12" sewer pipe or a 5/16" fuel line,  the flow limiter is the smallest cross sectional diameter and the pressure drop across it. Conversely,  the fuel return line is open flow without any back pressure except ambient barometric.   
 
My contention, backed up by LOTS of practical observation is that the 1/4' open flow return line will flow more than the 3/16" restriction will allow under the controlled pressure of the regulator.  So please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong in my analysis.
 
Cheers mate,
 
Leon 
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Saturday, February 19, 2005 6:12 AM
Subject: [FlyRotary] Re: Returnless Fuel System - Fuel Cooler

Hi Bob;

   SNIP>>

         I should point out that while it has been mentioned that since the outlet of the pumps is often less than the ID of the fuel line this is your limiting factor in flow. This isn't really the case. A small restriction such as this creates a pressure drop through the "vena contracta", but much of this pressure is recovered downstream. If anyone actually cares about this I can pass along the formula for calculation of the permanent pressure drop through an orifice. This means that a 1/4" line with a 3/16" restriction at some point will not have the same lower flow as a 3/16" line, but will still be slightly less than a 1/4" line with no restriction.

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