Mailing List flyrotary@lancaironline.net Message #14116
From: Leon <peon@pacific.net.au>
Subject: Engine Failure modes was Re: [FlyRotary] Engine damage thoughts
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2004 08:20:28 +1100
To: Rotary motors in aircraft <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
Message
Yo Rusty,
 
My experience has been that there are 2 basic failure modes when oil pressure is lost.
 
1.  At heavy loads and high RPM, (as in race engines at WOT) the main problem is that the side housings require oil spill from the rotors to cool them.  Should the oil flow stop,  and the engine continue to be held at full throttle (which is not your scenario),  the side housings close to the crank hole tend to get hot and buckle like a belville washer,  and in the process grip the rotors like a vice and cause the engine to seize. 
 
I've even had a couple of blokes come to me saying that they have experienced total lockup on the open road.  This usually occurs due to oil surge on long sweeping corners at high speed (esp long expressway sweepers in the middle of the night!)  when the oil level is low (coz the owner hadn't checked it for the last 3 months!!),  and it uncovers the pick-up.
 
Lockup can occur within 10 -15 seconds of losing oil pressure at WOT.  If the driver isn't smart enough to de-clutch immediately,  the back wheels will remain locked, and flatspot the tyres all the way to the steel belts as the car spins out of control into whatever happens to be on the side of the road! Scary Stuff!!
 
Even if the engine doesn't seize,  it will have badly scuffed oil control rings and the side housings. Additionally,  there is obviously always bearing damage,  but normally,  the engine will lock up on the side houings before it will seize on the bearings.
 
The next time you start the engine,  it will blow copious amount of oil smoke for ever.  The only solution is to split the engine,  re-machine the faces and fit new oil control rings and bearings. However,  as you took the power off the instant you noticed the oil leak,  I don't think this would have happened to your engine. (Whew he says!!).
 
2.   If the engine loses oil pressure say at idle, or low RPM,  the most likely damage is that it will pick up the front stationary gear bearing.  If the engine is run at moderate speeds and light load,  it can also pick up on the rotor bearings on occasion,  sometimes causing them to spin in the rotors,  but the front gear bearing is usually the first to grab.
 
So there are the two worst case failure modes you can expect.  From what you have described,  I would think that there would be very little damage,  if any.  After all,  even though the cooler was leaking,  there appears to have been some oil flow,  and you took the load off the engine the isntant you noticed the leak.  I would suspect that if there is any damage, it will only be light scuffing or wiping of the bearings.
 
The only REAL way to know is to split the engine and inspect it.  However,  first do some simple preliminary diagnosis.  Open up the oil filter as Lynn suggested,  and if it doesn't have any metal in it,  the the engine is probably OK.  As a second check,  make a small loop in a piece of wire,  and scrape the bottom of the sump through the drain plug. 
 
If you have internal damage,  you will get metal deposits (babbitt metal any maybe some copper) on the wire loop.  Thirdly,  if there happens to be fine metal in the oil,  you will be able to see it in a bottle backlit with strong sunlight.  If the oil is black,  put some on a sheet of plastic or Gladwrap and view it via transmitted light. Generally has the appearance of metalflake paint. An oil analysis will pick up any occult metal that is too fine to be seen with the naked eye.
 
If all is clear,  then the engine is probably not damaged,  so fit a new filter,  re-fill with oil,  start her up and do a couple of precautionary filghts as you suggested below.
 
Cheers,
 
Leon.
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Sunday, December 19, 2004 4:36 AM
Subject: [FlyRotary] Engine damage thoughts

Greetings again,
 
I've been thinking more about the engine, and wondering what the chances are that there's any damage inside. 
 
I'm pretty sure I noticed the oil about the instant it started to lose any significant amount.  As soon as the oil started to leak, I pulled the engine back to idle, and descended ASAP.  I'm sure I was doing at least 2000 fpm from 6000 to 2000 ft, which only accounts for 2 minutes of time.  At 2000 ft, is when I tried to throttle up, and the engine quit, so no time after that counts.  I'm absolutely sure the engine quit because I had the mixture knob set way lean for cruise, and not because it seized up. 
 
This means that at worst, the engine idled for 2 minutes with no oil pressure.  My guess would be that it was more like 30 seconds or less.  With this in mind, I'm thinking that it's worth doing some ground runs of the engine to see how healthy it seems.  If I can thoroughly run it on the ground without problems, then I can follow that with about 10 hours of circling the field.  By that point, I can't imagine having any further concerns.  If there was a problem, it would damage the engine further, but still continue to until I made it to an airport.  If I'm wrong about how much damage there might be, it will get expensive, but shouldn't be life threatening. 
 
Many of you have a lot more experience with these engines than I do.  Does this sound like a reasonable plan?
 
Thanks,
Rusty (late for the airport as always)
 
 
 
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