In a message dated 11/29/2004 8:52:33 A.M. Central Standard Time,
WarbirdAeroPress@cox.net writes:
I'm still searching for some answers, and I just keep coming
up with more questions. The basic problem is this:
When I lower flaps on my 360, there is not
enough pitch trim to take out the nose up stick force required to keep my
pitch attitude.
Scotty,
In general, more information is required - CG, airspeed, flap deflection
angle, trim tab size, etc.
But first, some observations and comments.
If I remember correctly, the flap range is -7* to +45* as measured from
faired in to the TE fuselage fillet being -7*. You can check this range on
the ground by using a digital level. I am sure you have noticed the
tremendous pitch change (nose down) as the flaps are deployed. I
think there should be some old e-mails around where I affixed a digital level to
the longeron and checked aircraft angles at several speeds and flap angles and
the aircraft pitch angle change was as much as 6*. I am also sure that you
noticed the pitch change from slowing down to, say, 100 KIAS while the flaps are
in full reflex (-7*), resulting in a strong nose up AOA. So, one can
consider that the flap position also contributes to aircraft trim at certain
airspeeds. Just as wheels down also introduces drag, pitch down and CG
moved slightly forward (nose gear).
I am sure that you have read here that some almost never go beyond about
30-35* flap extension when landing. This can affect how much nose up trim
would be required.
If you don't have a flap position indicator, you can position the flaps to
various positions on the ground and, using a marking pen, mark the flap position
against the wing TE out by an aileron (unless the builder cut off most of the
flap leading edge).
As to your specific question, another question: At what flap deployment
position do you lose the ability to trim for a specific attitude? Please
note that some of us could argue that maintaining a fixed descent rate (fixed
attitude) and airspeed at say, 100 KIAS with flaps at about +10* (+ 17*
from faired in) is very difficult. A little pitch change yields a
speed change yields a pitch change........ and the same is true for a speed
variation. If you have an AOA indicator and are trying to maintain a
steady indication, good luck! Darn persnickety wing if you ask
me.
If your problem is only at full flap deployment (final approach to
landing), don't fully deploy them. Frankly, I can't find a steady state
trim position during that flight stage and prefer some feedback to my hand
anyway. Of course, that may be because I am using the Reichel trim wheel
spring system for the elevator which results in a "dead band" of low force/hi
sensitivity - perhaps unlike a tab which has more constant air forces
positioning the elevator. Hmmmmm, I guess that speed changes would change
the effectiveness of the tab at certain set positions.
BTW, is your elevator arm 3" or 4" - this is the length of the bellcrank
arm extending down from the elevator to the rearmost elevator pushrod rod
end.
Oh, how much force is required to overcome the lack of trim? 1#,
2#s...?
Anyway,
<<<<
1. Is this a simple matter of taking a look at my elevator
trim motor and seeing what it's travel limits are?
>>>>
That's a good thing to know. Maybe the tab isn't quite large enough
to handle the elevator's extreme requirements (Your <<<1b. Do I need to
modify or increase the size of my trim tab?>>>) - nose up at slow
speed and full flaps or nose down at race speeds and flaps at reflex.
There are angles at which the tabs only cause drag - that is that the air is
separated rather than flowing over the surface. Your could certainly build
a longer one if that is indicated.
<<<<
1a. Is my aircraft's horizontal incidence set wrong? (I didn't
build the plane, how hard is this to screw up?)
>>>>
Although this is important, it is doubtful that it is set that wrong.
Some argue less than -.5*, others (like me) have it accidentally set at -.9*
(don't ask) and have no problem. With some fooling around you can measure
the incidence of the chord with a water level or making a weird jig from
mid horizontal stab leading edge to mid elevator neutral trailing
edge.......
BTW, what is the upward pitch of the engine?
<<<<
2. During cruise flight, and only at aft cg conditions,
my elevator does not trail the horizontal stab. It rides down, indicating my
tail is heavy. Here are a few examples of my elevator position:
>>>>>
I can't really see that. Remember that the pitching moment of the
wing changes with speed - fast = more nose up. I can't think of anything wrong
with unloading the tail (nose down trim) when the back is loaded or you are
going fast - Where was the CG? Did you ever carefully reweigh the
plane - this can be quite a surprise - and recalculate the CG from the aft of
the firewall? Wouldn't we expect the elevator to be at neutral at
mid-CG range, 8500" and about 175 KIAS? I think those are pretty close to
the design specs. Anything different should require a different
trim.
Oh, I see you recorded that: <<<<High speed, 210
mph indicated, mid cg (myself @230, full or nearly full header tank and approx
20 gal in wings). Elevator is perfect and trails the stab nicely.
.>>>>
<<<<
110 or 120 knots, just me in the plane, don't remember the
fuel load. Elevator is slightly up, making me think fwd cg. In the condition I
am asking about, the elevator rides this far down, if not a little
more.
>>>>
Where were the flaps? Anyway, hi speed = nose trimmed down, lo
speed with flaps = nose trimmed up.
<<<<<
3. Have any of you with a O-360 modified the lower intake
portion of the cowl, or the oil cooler outlet, to reduce volume, area and drag?
I am very interested in your ideas and seeing photos if you have.
>>>>
While I only have a wee IO320 and NACA oil cooler input air, the small oil
cooler output air is dumped into the lower plenum and exits with the rest
of the engine cooling air.
Call me and we can talk amongst ourselves. hm = 630-655-4811, cell =
630-561-0400
Scott Krueger
AKA Grayhawk
N92EX IO320 Aurora, IL (KARR)
Some Assembly Required
Using Common Hand
Tools.