Sender: <marv@lancaironline.net>
To:  lml@lancaironline.net
Date: Tue, 28 May 2013 13:17:09 -0400
Message-ID: <redirect-6293968@logan.com>
Received-SPF: none
 receiver=logan.com; client-ip=66.94.237.218; envelope-from=cwfmd@yahoo.com
DomainKey-Signature:a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws;
  s=s1024; d=yahoo.com;
  h=X-YMail-OSG:Received:X-Rocket-MIMEInfo:X-Mailer:Message-ID:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type;
  b=NM4Si61BdR00LvGAWhGvi6cEuqrLuKxP1Z4BCJQgEh3AZptN73tQox3VNiCBxtLwwNKSa6q5pcbYUnuHR5nWc+1PeOoA8JGH7Lsj/o+pA98qOG4MdOvxefdZTIpb/7sInJVEoUpoBjRPLKrw4izjwYqVMoTqMsQUY0b+69wrHN4=;
From: cwfmd@yahoo.com
Subject: Spatial Disorientation: Can occur in VMC
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="-1672125993-438783951-1369756681=:56243"

---1672125993-438783951-1369756681=:56243
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Spatial Disorientation=0A=0A        =0A            Spatial disorientation c=
ontributes more to causing=0A            aircraft accidents than any other =
physiological problem=0A            in flight. Regardless of their flight-t=
ime experience,=0A            all aircrew members are subject to disorienta=
tion. The=0A            human body is structured to perceive changes in=0A =
           movement on land in relation to the surface of the=0A           =
 earth. In an aircraft, the human sensory=0A            systems=E2=80=94the=
 visual, vestibular, and=0A            proprioceptive systems=E2=80=94may g=
ive the brain=0A            erroneous orientation information. This informa=
tion can=0A            cause sensory illusions, which may lead to spatial=
=0A            disorientation.=0A        =0A         =0A=0A        COMMON T=
ERMS OF SPATIAL DISORIENTATION=0A=0A        SPATIAL DISORIENTION=0A=0A     =
   =0A            9-1. Spatial disorientation is an individual=E2=80=99s=0A=
            inability to determine his or her position, attitude,=0A       =
     and motion relative to the surface of the earth or=0A            signi=
ficant objects; for example, trees, poles, or=0A            buildings durin=
g hover. When it occurs, pilots are=0A            unable to see, believe, i=
nterpret, or prove the=0A            information derived from their flight =
instruments.=0A            Instead, they rely on the false information that=
 their=0A            senses provide.=0A        =0A=0A        SENSORY ILLUSI=
ON=0A=0A        =0A            9-2. A sensory illusion is a false perceptio=
n of=0A            reality caused by the conflict of orientation=0A        =
    information from one or more mechanisms of equilibrium.=0A            S=
ensory illusions are a major cause of spatial=0A            disorientation.=
=0A        =0A=0A        VERTIGO=0A=0A        =0A            9-3. Vertigo i=
s a spinning sensation usually caused=0A            by a peripheral vestibu=
lar abnormality in the middle=0A            ear. Aircrew members often misu=
se the term vertigo,=0A            applying it generically to all forms of =
spatial=0A            disorientation or dizziness.=0A        =0A         =
=0A=0A        TYPES OF SPATIAL DISORIENTATION=0A=0A        TYPE I (UNRECOGN=
IZED)=0A=0A        =0A            9-4. A disoriented aviator does not perce=
ive any=0A            indication of spatial disorientation. In other words,=
=0A            he does not think anything is wrong. What he=0A            s=
ees=E2=80=94or thinks he sees=E2=80=94is corroborated by=0A            his =
other senses. Type I disorientation is the most=0A            dangerous typ=
e of disorientation. The=0A            pilot=E2=80=94unaware of a problem=
=E2=80=94fails to=0A            recognize or correct the disorientation, us=
ually=0A            resulting in a fatal aircraft mishap:=0A=0A            =
The pilot may see the instruments functioning=0A                properly. T=
here is no suspicion of an instrument=0A                malfunction.There m=
ay be no indication of aircraft-control=0A                malfunction. The =
aircraft is performing=0A                normally.An example of this type o=
f SD would be the=0A                height-/depth-perception illusion when =
the pilot=0A                descends into the ground or some obstacle above=
 the=0A                ground because of a lack of situational=0A          =
      awareness.=0A        =0A=0A        TYPE II (RECOGNIZED)=0A=0A        =
=0A            9-5. In Type II spatial disorientation, the pilot=0A        =
    perceives a problem (resulting from spatial=0A            disorientatio=
n). The pilot, however, may fail to=0A            recognize it as spatial d=
isorientation:=0A=0A            The pilot may feel that a control is=0A    =
            malfunctioning.The pilot may perceive an instrument failure as=
=0A                in the graveyard spiral, a classic example of Type=0A   =
             II disorientation. The pilot does not correct the=0A          =
      aircraft roll, as indicated by the attitude=0A                indicat=
or, because his vestibular indications of=0A                straight-and-le=
vel flight are so strong.=0A        =0A=0A        TYPE III (INCAPACITATING)=
=0A=0A        =0A            9-6. In Type III spatial disorientation, the p=
ilot=0A            experiences such an overwhelming sensation of movement=
=0A            that he or she cannot orient himself or herself by=0A       =
     using visual cues or the aircraft instruments. Type III=0A            =
spatial disorientation is not fatal if the copilot can=0A            gain c=
ontrol of the aircraft.=0A        =0A         =0A=0A        more at: =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0=C2=A0 http://www.cavalrypilot.com/fm1-301/ch9.htm

---1672125993-438783951-1369756681=:56243
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<table cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0" ><tr><td valign=3D"=
top" style=3D"font: inherit;"><h2 align=3D"CENTER"><a href=3D"http://www.ca=
valrypilot.com/fm1-301/ch9.htm">Spatial Disorientation</a></h2>=0A=0A      =
  <blockquote>=0A            Spatial disorientation contributes more to cau=
sing=0A            aircraft accidents than any other physiological problem=
=0A            in flight. Regardless of their flight-time experience,=0A   =
         all aircrew members are subject to disorientation. The=0A         =
   human body is structured to perceive changes in=0A            movement o=
n land in relation to the surface of the=0A            earth. In an aircraf=
t, the human sensory=0A            systems=E2=80=94the visual, vestibular, =
and=0A            proprioceptive systems=E2=80=94may give the brain=0A     =
       erroneous orientation information. This information can=0A          =
  cause sensory illusions, which may lead to spatial=0A            disorien=
tation.=0A        </blockquote>=0A        <a name=3D"s1"></a> =0A=0A       =
 <h3>COMMON TERMS OF SPATIAL DISORIENTATION</h3>=0A=0A        <h4>SPATIAL D=
ISORIENTION</h4>=0A=0A        <div style=3D"margin-left: 4em">=0A          =
  <p>9-1. Spatial disorientation is an individual=E2=80=99s=0A            i=
nability to determine his or her position, attitude,=0A            and moti=
on relative to the surface of the earth or=0A            significant object=
s; for example, trees, poles, or=0A            buildings during hover. When=
 it occurs, pilots are=0A            unable to see, believe, interpret, or =
prove the=0A            information derived from their flight instruments.=
=0A            Instead, they rely on the false information that their=0A   =
         senses provide.</p>=0A        </div>=0A=0A        <h4>SENSORY ILLU=
SION</h4>=0A=0A        <div style=3D"margin-left: 4em">=0A            <p>9-=
2. A sensory illusion is a false perception of=0A            reality caused=
 by the conflict of orientation=0A            information from one or more =
mechanisms of equilibrium.=0A            Sensory illusions are a major caus=
e of spatial=0A            disorientation.</p>=0A        </div>=0A=0A      =
  <h4>VERTIGO</h4>=0A=0A        <div style=3D"margin-left: 4em">=0A        =
    <p>9-3. Vertigo is a spinning sensation usually caused=0A            by=
 a peripheral vestibular abnormality in the middle=0A            ear. Aircr=
ew members often misuse the term vertigo,=0A            applying it generic=
ally to all forms of spatial=0A            disorientation or dizziness.</p>=
=0A        </div>=0A        <a name=3D"s2"></a> =0A=0A        <h3>TYPES OF =
SPATIAL DISORIENTATION</h3>=0A=0A        <h4>TYPE I (UNRECOGNIZED)</h4>=0A=
=0A        <div style=3D"margin-left: 4em">=0A            <p>9-4. A disorie=
nted aviator does not perceive any=0A            indication of spatial diso=
rientation. In other words,=0A            he does not think anything is wro=
ng. What he=0A            sees=E2=80=94or thinks he sees=E2=80=94is corrobo=
rated by=0A            his other senses. Type I disorientation is the most=
=0A            dangerous type of disorientation. The=0A            pilot=E2=
=80=94unaware of a problem=E2=80=94fails to=0A            recognize or corr=
ect the disorientation, usually=0A            resulting in a fatal aircraft=
 mishap:</p>=0A=0A            <ul type=3D"DISC"><li>The pilot may see the i=
nstruments functioning=0A                properly. There is no suspicion of=
 an instrument=0A                malfunction.</li><li>There may be no indic=
ation of aircraft-control=0A                malfunction. The aircraft is pe=
rforming=0A                normally.</li><li>An example of this type of SD =
would be the=0A                height-/depth-perception illusion when the p=
ilot=0A                descends into the ground or some obstacle above the=
=0A                ground because of a lack of situational=0A              =
  awareness.</li></ul>=0A        </div>=0A=0A        <h4>TYPE II (RECOGNIZE=
D)</h4>=0A=0A        <div style=3D"margin-left: 4em">=0A            <p>9-5.=
 In Type II spatial disorientation, the pilot=0A            perceives a pro=
blem (resulting from spatial=0A            disorientation). The pilot, howe=
ver, may fail to=0A            recognize it as spatial disorientation:</p>=
=0A=0A            <ul type=3D"DISC"><li>The pilot may feel that a control i=
s=0A                malfunctioning.</li><li>The pilot may perceive an instr=
ument failure as=0A                in the graveyard spiral, a classic examp=
le of Type=0A                II disorientation. The pilot does not correct =
the=0A                aircraft roll, as indicated by the attitude=0A       =
         indicator, because his vestibular indications of=0A               =
 straight-and-level flight are so strong.</li></ul>=0A        </div>=0A=0A =
       <h4>TYPE III (INCAPACITATING)</h4>=0A=0A        <div style=3D"margin=
-left: 4em">=0A            <p>9-6. In Type III spatial disorientation, the =
pilot=0A            experiences such an overwhelming sensation of movement=
=0A            that he or she cannot orient himself or herself by=0A       =
     using visual cues or the aircraft instruments. Type III=0A            =
spatial disorientation is not fatal if the copilot can=0A            gain c=
ontrol of the aircraft.</p>=0A        </div>=0A        <a name=3D"s3"></a> =
=0A=0A        <h3>more at: &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; http://www.cavalrypilot.com/=
fm1-301/ch9.htm<br></h3></td></tr></table>
---1672125993-438783951-1369756681=:56243--