Return-Path: Received: from [24.25.9.100] (HELO ms-smtp-01-eri0.southeast.rr.com) by logan.com (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3c3) with ESMTP id 854150 for flyrotary@lancaironline.net; Mon, 04 Apr 2005 10:19:35 -0400 Received-SPF: pass receiver=logan.com; client-ip=24.25.9.100; envelope-from=eanderson@carolina.rr.com Received: from edward2 (cpe-024-074-185-127.carolina.res.rr.com [24.74.185.127]) by ms-smtp-01-eri0.southeast.rr.com (8.12.10/8.12.7) with SMTP id j34EIjLw008438 for ; Mon, 4 Apr 2005 10:18:46 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <003901c53921$36bac140$2402a8c0@edward2> From: "Ed Anderson" To: "Rotary motors in aircraft" References: Subject: molecular movemen translational velocity Date: Mon, 4 Apr 2005 10:18:46 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0035_01C538FF.AF7259D0" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1106 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Virus-Scanned: Symantec AntiVirus Scan Engine This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0035_01C538FF.AF7259D0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0036_01C538FF.AF7259D0" ------=_NextPart_001_0036_01C538FF.AF7259D0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I agree with your explanation, Bernie - but not totally with your first = assertion. I agree that the pressure is due to the average number of molecules = striking a surface per unit time. A clearer explanation than I had = given. However, when an airmass is moving there is a small = translational velocity component (small compared to the molecule's = nominal velocity), imparted to the molecule (else it would not move in = that direction). This translational velocity component increases where = the duct narrows which as you stated, reduces the time available for = molecules to impact the wall resulting in fewer impacts per unit time = =3D> less pressure. The opposite when the duct widens. So the molecules total velocity magnitude IS affected (even if minutely) = by the translational velocity of the air. This, of course, also = explains what happens in the Bernoulli tube where the air density is = considered "incompressible" or non changing. Below is an explanation I found which explains (I believe) , that = although often ignored for simplicity, air movement does impart a = translational component to the molecules velocity. Mean Free Path=20 The mean free path or average distance between collisions for a gas = molecule may be estimated from kinetic theory. Serway's approach is a = good visualization - if the molecules have diameter d, then the = effective cross-section for collision can be modeled by=20 using a circle of diameter 2d to represent a molecule's effective = collision area while treating the "target" molecules as point masses. In = time t, the circle would sweep out the volume shown and the number of = collisions can be estimated from the number of gas molecules that were = in that volume. The mean free path could then be taken as the length of the path divided = by the number of collisions.=20 The problem with this expression is that the average molecular velocity = is used, but the target molecules are also moving. The frequency of = collisions depends upon the average relative velocity of the randomly = moving molecules.=20 I highlighted the words for emphasis but they are as presented on the = webpage which you can check at. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/menfre.html#c1 This shows (in my opinion) that pressure is indeed affected by the = average relative velocity component of the molecules velocity as well as = its velocity attributed to temperature. While the translational = component is quite small compared to the molecules velocity, it does = have an effect on pressure. No translational velocity component =3D> no = change in pressure. Since as you point out there is negligible = temperature change and therefore negligible change in the molecules = "inherent" velocity, the changes in pressure must be due to the = difference in the translational velocity component affects on the = molecule.=20 Whew, I think I want to get back to work on my digital flow meter. Boy, isn't this fun. I wonder how we can use it to abate Bernie's noise = problem. It appears simply, Bernie, if you can get your translational = speed up past the average molecular velocity the noise should no longer = be a problem {:>) Best Regards Ed ----- Original Message -----=20 From: To: "Rotary motors in aircraft" Sent: Monday, April 04, 2005 8:26 AM Subject: [FlyRotary] Re: molecular movement Re: Cooling -Learned a lot >=20 > OK, I can't keep my blabber mouth shut on this subject any longer. >=20 > molecular velocity is only a function of the temperature which is not = changing in the diffuser. colder air has less molecular velocity. >=20 > The stagnation, pitot, total, dynamic pressure (Pt) does not change if = we have a friction free wall. Why does the static pressure (P) along = the wall go up as we slow the air down? If Pt is not changing and = velocity is decreasing then the Bernoulli equation lets us calculate the = P value. We can ignore the small density change in our low velocity = arena. One way to think of this is that the P is proportional to the = number of molecules striking the surface per unit time. If they are = going by the surface at a slower average forward velocity, they strike = the surface more frequently and we see a higher pressure. >=20 > Bernie >=20 >=20 >=20 > >> Homepage: http://www.flyrotary.com/ > >> Archive: http://lancaironline.net/lists/flyrotary/List.html ------=_NextPart_001_0036_01C538FF.AF7259D0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
I agree with your explanation, Bernie = - but=20 not totally with your first assertion.
 
I agree that the pressure is due to the = average=20 number of molecules striking a surface per unit time. A clearer = explanation=20 than I had given.   However, when an airmass is moving = there is a=20 small translational velocity component (small compared to the molecule's = nominal=20 velocity),  imparted to the molecule (else it would not move in = that=20 direction).  This translational velocity component increases where = the duct=20 narrows which as you stated,  reduces the time available for = molecules to=20 impact the wall resulting in fewer impacts per unit time =3D> less=20 pressure.  The opposite when the duct widens.
 
So the molecules total velocity = magnitude IS=20 affected (even if minutely) by the translational velocity of the = air. =20 This, of course, also explains what happens in the Bernoulli tube where = the air=20 density is considered "incompressible" or non changing.
 
Below is an explanation I found which = explains (I=20 believe) , that although often ignored for simplicity, air movement does = impart=20 a translational component to the molecules velocity.

Mean Free Path =

The mean free path or average distance = between=20 collisions for a gas molecule may be estimated from kinetic theory. Serway's = approach is a good=20 visualization - if the molecules have diameter d, then the effective=20 cross-section for collision can be modeled by

using a circle of diameter 2d to = represent a=20 molecule's effective collision area while treating the "target" = molecules as=20 point masses. In time t, the circle would sweep out the volume shown and = the=20 number of collisions can be estimated from the number of gas molecules = that were=20 in that volume.

The mean free path could then be taken as = the length=20 of the path divided by the number of collisions.

The problem with this expression is = that the=20 average molecular velocity is used, but the = target=20 molecules are also moving. The frequency of = collisions=20 depends upon the average = relative velocity of the randomly moving molecules. =

I highlighted the words for emphasis = but they are=20 as presented on the webpage which you can check at.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/menfre.html#c1
 
This shows (in my opinion)  that = pressure is=20 indeed affected by the average relative velocity component of the = molecules=20 velocity as well as its velocity attributed to temperature. While the=20 translational component is quite small compared to the molecules = velocity, it=20 does have an effect on pressure.  No translational velocity = component =3D>=20 no change in pressure.  Since as you point out there is negligible=20 temperature change and therefore negligible change in the molecules = "inherent"=20 velocity, the changes in pressure must be due to the difference in the=20 translational velocity component affects on the = molecule. 
 
 Whew, I think I want to get back = to work on=20 my digital flow meter.
 
Boy, isn't this fun.  I wonder how = we can use=20 it to abate Bernie's noise problem.  It appears simply, Bernie, if = you can=20 get your translational speed up past the average molecular velocity the = noise=20 should no longer be a problem {:>)
 
Best Regards
 
Ed
 
 
 
----- Original Message ----- =
From: <jbker@juno.com>
To: "Rotary motors in aircraft" = <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
Sent: Monday, April 04, 2005 8:26 = AM
Subject: [FlyRotary] Re: molecular = movement Re:=20 Cooling -Learned a lot

>
> OK, I can't keep my blabber mouth shut on this = subject any=20 longer.
>
> molecular velocity is only a function of the=20 temperature which is not changing in the diffuser. colder air has less = molecular=20 velocity.
>
> The stagnation, pitot, total, dynamic = pressure (Pt)=20 does not change if we have a friction free wall.  Why does the = static=20 pressure (P) along the wall go up as we slow the air down? If Pt is not = changing=20 and velocity is decreasing then the Bernoulli equation lets us calculate = the P=20 value. We can ignore the small density change in our low velocity arena. = One way=20 to think of this is that the P is proportional to the number of = molecules=20 striking the surface per unit time. If they are going by the surface at = a slower=20 average forward velocity, they strike the surface more frequently and we = see a=20 higher pressure.
>
> Bernie
>
>
> =
>=20 >>  Homepage:  http://www.flyrotary.com/
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